In recent years the world has
seen a growing awareness of health and environmental issues in particular in
relation to developing countries. A constantly growing number of concerned,consumers,
mainly in the industrialized countries, have generated this awareness. The
international community is more conscious of these issues, and government
policies in industrialized as well as developing countries are increasingly
formulated to encourage organic and other forms of sustainable agriculture.
Market opportunities for organic spices, herbs and essential oils from developing countries
Most spices, herbs and essential oil crops are labour intensive and are
produced mainly in the tropics, and so
provide export opportunities for developing countries. Interest in organic
spices, herbs and essential oils continues to grow along with the overall
market for organic food and beverages.
Labour cost differentials between developing countries and target
markets and demand for tropical and arid climate products provide value adding
opportunities for developing countries in exporting finished products.
Generally these products will need to be marketed in co-operation with
marketing companies and under brands recognised in the importing markets - just as
for other processed or packaged products.
As value adding requires investments of money, skills and time, the
immediate marketing opportunities are currently in increasing the supply of
bulk spices, herbs and essential oils for repacking or as ingredients for
caterers and food manufacturers. While there are excellent opportunities for
producers of organic spices, herbs and essential oils, recommendations for
production of specific crops are not given in this manual. Markets are often niche
rather than broad-based and can be flooded by produce from newly certified
large producers changing the balance of supply and demand for crops in these
dynamic markets. It is therefore important that producers keep themselves well
informed of market developments, through information sharing, reading trade
journals and visiting the target markets in order to determine what crops to
grow, and for which markets.
Producers should seek to offer products that have organic (and when feasible also fair trade) certification, are high quality and reliably supplied. They should also endeavour to improve their marketing edge and overall company/product profile by offering their customers additional (and increasingly mandatory) quality certifications such as HACCP, EurepGAP and ISO.
Spices and herbs markets
The retail market for organic spices
and herbs is likely to remain relatively small depending on the range that supermarket chains offer. The foodservice/catering sector
offers potential for increased demand for organic spices and herbs, although sales are still very small.
Fast food chains are likely to continue to position themselves as healthy alternatives to home-cooked
meals and to distance themselves from the image of fat filled, unhealthy cooking, and offering
organic options helps convey this message. Food and drink manufacturers demand
consistently high quality and so tend to stay with suppliers who have proved reliable. As the
ingredient percentages of spices and herbs in food products are usually low, price has mostly been
of secondary importance compared with quality, but will become more important in the future. In some target markets there are
opportunities for value-added processing, including the packing of private brands, but in general,
market penetration can best be achieved in the industrial sector, which is
still the main outlet for spices and herbs exporters in developing countries.
Essential oils and extracts markets
The flavourings market is expected
to grow fairly slowly, mainly due to the following constraints: 
- lack of reliability of suppliers,
- high price premiums,
- and legislation allowing non-organic flavourings in organic products.
Market size
International customs
classifications do not currently distinguish between organic and conventional produce so no detailed
official statistics exist as yet for foreign trade in organic products. Some of the basic data needed
for such statistics is now being generated as the major markets increasingly adopt mandatory organic
standards which require permits and the recording of organic imports and exports. Various working groups,
including government representatives and international organizations, are considering ways of obtaining
statistics on organic agriculture and trade. See for example, www.eisfom.org. Detailed estimates of
trade in specific organic product categories would currently need to be based on a world survey of
certification agencies’ records and information given by exporters and importers. Such surveys
have not yet been made available. However, ITC has estimated the world retail market for
organic food and beverages at approximately US$ 30 billion in 2006, with Europe  and North America (USA  and Canada Japan , Australia , New
 Zealand  and Singapore Argentina , Brazil ,
Chile , China , Egypt ,
India , Malaysia , the Philippines South Africa 
Adding value in the producer country
Sourcing food products packed in the
country of origin of the raw materials provides additional income to producers, generates
employment, and has downstream benefits to local industries such as packaging companies. The quality
requirements of the importing markets act as a stimulus to development of export industries in
the developing world.
From the producer’s perspective,
given the high retail price per kilo of consumer packs, producers of dried spices and herbs often
consider whether packing at source in consumer packs to add value would be feasible. Niche marketing
of organic spices packed ready for retail sale at source has been achieved on a small scale - e.g.
spice jars with an integral grinder packed in South Africa 
The economics of value added organic
spices and herbs packed at source vs. packing in the target market are similar to those of
conventional products, and a thorough analysis of prospects for these was conducted by the UK 
Constraints on opportunities
include:
- The need to offer a full range of spices and herbs.
- High working capital requirement to finance stock of crops harvested annually.
- Shipment transit times.
- Holding of buffer stock to avoid shortages.
Products aimed at niche markets may
have advantages where production in these markets involves a high labour input, but transport
costs will be higher for retail packs. Marketing costs are high for new brands, and products will
normally be marketed under brand names already recognised in the developed country market. Some
buyers recognise the marketing opportunities that exist in importing fair trade and “packed at
source” food products from developing countries - rather than importing
commodities for value adding in the target markets.
Major markets and principal importers (spices & herbs)
European Union (EU)
The EU organic market
received an early boost by the introduction of mandatory organic standards and regulations, which
have been in place since 1991, much longer than those in other major markets, and mandatory
standards for the USA  and Japan Union .
France 
Germany
The Netherlands 
The country is a
traditional importer and trader in produce for the EU market, and this applies particularly to organic
spices and herbs, where Dutch trading companies are among the largest EU importers. The Dutch
market for organic spices and herbs has increased both in the domestic market and for re-export to the
EU. Demand for organic non- food herbal plants for nutraceutical/herbal medicines and
cosmetic/body care products has also increased significantly over recent years.
United Kingdom 
The United Kingdom 
Spain 
Canada 
Japan 
United States 
This is the world’s
largest organic market. The introduction of a national standard, the National Organic Program (NOP),
implemented in October 2002, has made a significant impact on the development of the US USA US 
ORGANIC ESSENTIAL OILS AND OLEORESINS
Market size, organic premium and structure
As with for organic spices and
herbs, no official statistics exist for trade in organic essential oils. Premiums paid for organic oils vary,
and prices are not easy to establish. A rough check can be done by comparing selling prices of
suppliers/buyers who carry both organic and conventional oils some of which are
listed in this report.
The main outlets for organic
essential oils include the following: 
- aromatherapy/natural medicine,
- cosmetics,
- perfumery
- flavourings/food ingredient markets.
- used by larger companies in production of animal feed in the world, as a key component of the feed additive
Traditionally, essential oils used
in aromatherapy were seen as “natural” and more or less organic anyway, and this perception limited
the uptake of organic certified oils for this market. However, many aromatherapy companies now
offer full organic essential oil ranges, in all major markets. Organic oils, with an audit trail
required to be in place under certification rules, are often perceived by company buyers as having a
reduced risk of adulteration. Furthermore, it is easier for larger aromatherapy companies to have
direct links to producers, and thus have more influence on quality.
Perfumery and cosmetics form the
largest market for organic essential oils and extracts. Regulations covering organic cosmetics are under
discussion in the EU. When questions such as whether synthetic chemical preservatives may
be used in organic cosmetics are resolved, demand for organic oils should increase. Some
individual certification agencies have developed their own health and beauty product standards, e.g. the
Soil Association in the UK 
In flavourings, the market
for organic essential oils and oleoresins has grown slowly and is limited by current regulations (e.g. for the
EU) which allow organic foods to contain natural (but not necessarily organic) flavours as
long as less than 5% is used. For example, non-organic essential oils like bergamot can currently be
used with organic tea to make an Earl Grey mix that qualifies as organic. The essential oils in
demand for the flavour industry are mainly spice oils, produced largely in Sri Lanka  and Madagascar 
 






